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Objective: To systematically evaluate and integrate the real experience of burn patients during rehabilitation, and to provide theoretical guidance for the continual nursing care for burn patients. Methods: The systematic evaluation method was adopted. Databases including the China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Database, China Biology Medicine disc were retrieved with the search terms in Chinese version of "/, //, ////", and PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library were retrieved with the search terms of "burn/burns, rehabilitation/recovery/survivor/survive, experience/views/perceptions/, qualitative/phenomenon/interview/grounded theory". The qualitative studies on the real experience of burn patients during rehabilitation published from the establishment of each database to June 2020 were searched. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center. The research country, research method, research object, research content, and main research result were summarized, and meta-synthesis of the research results was conducted with the aggregative integration method. Results: A total of 12 studies were included, and the quality of all the studies was grade B. The studies were conducted in 8 countries including Australia, Canada, Norway, etc., the research method mainly was phenomenological research method, and all the studies were focused on adult burn patients. A total of 46 specific themes were extracted with totally 10 new categories formed after summarization, and 3 integrated results were obtained as follows: burn patients suffered from both physical and psychological burdens, and their normal life was broken; burn patients gained post-traumatic growth and could actively adjust to cope with life difficulties; burn patients had multiple needs. Conclusions: Burn patients experience both physical and psychological pains during rehabilitation, so they long for multiple support from family and society. Medical staff, social groups, and family members should pay attention to the psychological experience and needs of burn patients with different characteristics during rehabilitation, and build a multi-directional social support system to help patients return to the society and rebuild their lives.
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Adult , Humans , Adaptation, Psychological , Australia , Burns , China , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D receptor gene ( VDR) with circulating lipids considering gender differences.@*METHODS@#Of the Han Chinese adults recruited from a health examination center for inclusion in the study, the circulating lipids, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and other parameters were measured. The VDR SNPs of Cdx2 (rs11568820), Fok1 (rs2228570), Apa1 (rs7975232), and Taq1 (rs731236) were genotyped with a qPCR test using blood DNA samples, and their associations with lipids were analyzed using logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#In the female participants ( n = 236 with dyslipidemia and 888 without dyslipidemia), multiple genotype models of Fok1 indicated a positive correlation of B (not A) alleles with LDLC level ( P < 0.05). In the male participants ( n = 299 with dyslipidemia and 564 without dyslipidemia), the recessive model of Cdx2 and the additive and recessive models of Fok1 differed ( P < 0.05) between the HDLC-classified subgroups, respectively, and Fok1 BB and Cdx2 TT presented interactions with 25OHD in the negative associations with HDLC ( P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In the Chinese Han adults included in the study, the Fok1 B-allele of VDR was associated with higher LDLC in females, and the Fok1 B-allele and the Cdx2 T-allele of VDR were associated with lower HDLC in males. The interaction of VD and Fok1 BB or Cdx2 TT in males synergistically decreased HDLC levels.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alleles , Asian People/genetics , China/ethnology , Dyslipidemias/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Genotype , Lipids/blood , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics , Sex Factors , Vitamin D/bloodABSTRACT
To understand the current British people's attitudes towards TCM and its influencing factors through a questionnaire survey; To provide data reference for the subsequent international dissemination of TCM. A sample of 200 British people (from Norwich and London) were selected randomly from June 5, 2021 to November 1, 2021 by snowball sampling method, and a questionnaire investigation was launched based on the design of demographic characteristics and Identity Scale of Chinese Medicine (CMIS) and etc. The average sores of CMIS were (71.53±0.76) points. 89.2% of British population showed no difference on attitudes towards TCM, and 10.8% of it showed more confidence in TCM. The single factor analysis showed that the age and education level mainly determine whether they accept TCM. The current attitudes towards TCM among British population are positive and optimistic. In the future, while maintaining the existing treatment advantages of TCM in the UK, it is necessary to conduct targeted promotions based on research of diseases for which TCM treatment has strengths in different age groups of local residents. Establishment of brands with TCM features is also a good way to increase the popularity of TCM. And multiple methods like new media, especially the coverage of local mainstream media, should be emphasized and used for the promotion of TCM and improvement of cognition level among British people.
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Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical data of Chinese patients with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy, and clarify the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients.Methods:Medical history of patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy diagnosed from April 1, 2018 to January 31, 2021 in the department of neurology of 22 hospitals in China was collected, and scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), magnetic resonance severity scale were evaluated. Group comparison was performed between male and female patients.Results:A total of 62 patients were included, and the male-female ratio was 1∶1.95. The age of onset was (40.35±8.42) years. Cognitive impairment (82.3%, 51/62) and motor symptoms (77.4%,48/62) were the most common symptoms. The MMSE and MoCA scores were 18.79±7.16 and 13.96±7.23, respectively, and the scores of two scales in male patients (22.06±5.31 and 18.08±5.60) were significantly higher than those in females (15.53±7.41 , t=2.954, P=0.006; 10.15±6.26, t=3.328 , P=0.003). The most common radiographic feature was bilateral asymmetric white matter changes (100.0%), and the magnetic resonance imaging severity scale score was 27.42±11.40, while the white matter lesion score of females (22.94±8.39) was significantly higher than that of males (17.62±8.74 , t=-2.221, P<0.05). A total of 36 CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, among which c.2381T>C/p.I794T was the hotspot mutation that carried by 17.9% (10/56) of the probands. Conclusions:The core phenotypic characteristics of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in China are progressive motor and cognitive impairment, with bilateral asymmetrical white matter changes. In addition, there exist gender differences clinically, with severer cognitive impairment and imaging changes in female patients. Thirty-six CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, and c.2381T>C/p. I794T was the hotspot mutation.
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Objective:To investigate the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) with coaxial needle technique, and to improve the pain perception of TPB patients by reducing the number of direct perineal needling.Methods:A total of 200 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided TPB at the first clinical college of Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were randomly divided into coaxial needle group (coaxial needle positioning puncture, n=100) and traditional group (traditional puncture frame guided repeated transperineal puncture, n=100). Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain of patients during puncture. The number of samples, time-consuming of puncture, cancer detection rate, VAS pain score and complications between the two groups were compared. Results:The success rate of puncture in the coaxial needle group and the traditional group was 100%, and there was no significant difference in the cancer detection rate between the two groups (48% vs 40%, P>0.05). The average number of samples in the coaxial needle group was larger than that in the traditional group, the average puncture time in the coaxial needle group was less than that in the traditional group, and the average intraoperative VAS score of the coaxial needle group was lower than that of the traditional group, the differences were statistically significant[(14.8±1.8) vs (12.1±1.1), (12.9±1.3)min vs (16.5±1.9)min, (2.6±1.2) vs (4.4±1.4); all P<0.001]. The complication rate of the coaxial needle group was lower than that of the traditional group, the difference was statistically significant (18% vs 39%, P<0.001), the incidences of perineal hematoma and perineal pain in the coaxial needle group were lower than that in the traditional group (1% vs 8%, 8% vs 19%; all P<0.05). Conclusions:Coaxial needle technology for ultrasound-guided TPB can ensure the number of samples and accurate sampling in different areas, significantly reduce the number of direct perineal puncture, improve the pain in the process of puncture, reduce the incidence of postoperative perineal pain, with shorter operation time and fewer complications, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of a one-way tracheostomy speaking valve based on neuromuscular electrical stimulation on aspiration in patients with dysphagia after tracheotomy for cerebral hemorrhage. Methods:From January to December, 2018, 37 patients with dysphagia after tracheotomy for cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group (n = 21) and experimental group (n = 16). Both groups accepted neuromuscular electrical stimulation, while the experimental group was trained to use one-way tracheostomy speaking valve additionally, for three weeks. They were assessed with Functional Oral Food Intake Scale (FOIS) and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) before and after treatment. Results:The scores of FOIS and PAS improved in both groups after treatment (|Z| > 3.544, P < 0.001), and was better in the experimental group than in the control group (|Z| > 2.094, P < 0.05). Conclusion:One-way tracheostomy speaking valve training based on neuromuscular electrical stimulation could improve swallowing and reduce aspiration of patients with dysphagia after tracheotomy.
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Objective To predict the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shijiazhuang using the multiple seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) and long short term memory (LSTM) model, lay theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Multiple seasonal ARIMA model and LSTM model were established separately by using Eviews 8.0 and python 3.7.1 according to the data of monthly incidence of HFMD from January 2013 to May 2018 in Shijiazhuang, and the data from June 2018 to May 2019 were used to verify the prediction precision of model. Finally, the monthly incidence from June to August 2019 was predicted. Results Based on the monthly incidence from January 2013 to May 2018, the optimal models, ARIMA(1,0,0)×(1,1,2)12 and LSTM model were established. Mean absolute percentage of error (MAPE) of ARIMA and LSTM model were 22.14 and 10.03 respectively based on the monthly incidence from June to December 2018, while MAPE of ARIMA and LSTM model were 43.84 and 25.26 respectively based on the monthly incidence from June 2018 to May 2019. These results indicated that LSTM model was superior to ARIMA model in model fitting degree and predicting accuracy, which was relatively consistent with the actual situation. Conclusions LSTM model is able to fit and predict the incidence trend of HFMD well in Shijiazhuang. It can provide guidance to HFMD epidemic prediction and alerting.
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Objective To investigate the causal association between hip circumference (HC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on Mendelian randomization. Methods The genetic variants data of the HC and T2DM from the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) and DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) database were matched according to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rsID. Genetic loci strongly related to the HC were used as instrumental variables; and the inverse-variance weighting, MR-Egger regression model and weighting median method were carried out to analyze the causal effect of HC on T2DM. Results Fifty-two, nine and fifteen SNPs were matched in the total cohort, female cohort and male cohort, respectively. Heterogeneity test suggested the SNPs were homogeneous. We found HC to be positively associated with T2DM risk (OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.030-1.100, OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.057-1.150 and OR=1.583, 95% CI: 1.273-1.968, respectively) in above three cohorts, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed the results were robust. Conclusions There is a relationship between HC and T2DM of people, and HC may be the risk factor of T2DM.
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Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and application value of the left atrial appendage(LAA) occlusion simulation in dynamic fluid in vitro based on left atrial appendage models. Methods:The preoperative two/three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(2D/3D-TEE) images of 21 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous LAA occlusion were retrospectively analyzed. LAA models with different materials (silicone-hydrogel LAA models, silicone LAA models and Tangoplus LAA models) were obtained by 3D printing. After simulation evaluation set models in a dynamic fluid system to simulate the occlusion operation, the type of occluder was predicted, the correlation between them and the final occluder used in the operation was analyzed.According to 2D/3D-TEE monitoring in 21 patients, the compression ratio of occluders was measured and the residual leakage around occluders was observed. With the same type occluder as in surgery, the compression ratio of occluders and residual leakage around the occluders in the three LAA models were observed and compared with intraoperative measurements, the descriptive and correlation analyses were conducted.Results:The simulation score of silicone-hydrogel LAA models was higher than those of silicone LAA models and Tangoplus LAA models. The occluder size in silicone-hydrogel LAA models was more correlated to the size used in the operation( r=0.937, P<0.001) than silicone LAA models ( r=0.918, P<0.001) and Tangoplus LAA models ( r=0.895, P<0.001). With the same size of occluder, there was no significant difference between the compression ratio of the occluder in silicone-hydrogel LAA models and intraoperative ( P=0.908). In 21 patients, 7 cases of residual leakage of occluder were observed during operation, while 4 cases were observed in silicone-hydrogel LAA, 5 cases were observed in silicone LAA models and 5 cases in Tangoplus LAA models. Conclusions:Preoperative simulation system of left atrial appendage occlusion based on silica gel-hydrogel model is helpful for preoperative decision-making, simulation exercise and post-operative evaluation of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion.
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Yinshan Mountains stands on the southern edge of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, which stretches 1 200 km from east to west and 50 to 100 km from north to south. The rich and varied topographic environment of the Yinshan Mountains has created a variety of vegetation floras, which also makes the species of medicinal plant resources in this area unevenly distributed. Therefore, studying the spatial distribution difference of medicinal plant resources among various banners, counties, and districts in the Yinshan area is of great significance to formulate the protection policy and promote the industry development of medicinal plant. This study is based on the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Inner Mongolia, regarding the results of the third national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources. The species of medicinal plant resources in the Yinshan area around 31 banners, counties and districts were counted in detail. Then, using exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA), trend surface analysis, spatial autocorrelation, geographical detector and other geostatistical analysis methods to analyze the differences in the spatial distribution of medicinal plant resources of the Yinshan area in Inner Mongolia. After discussing and analyzing the experimental results to account for the reasons for the overall trend of change and the degree of aggregation, the author further put forward relevant constructive suggestions. The results show that the areas with the most abundant and concentrated distribution of medicinal plant resources in the Yinshan area are located in Guyang county, Shiguai District of Baotou city, Tutou right banner, and Tuoketuo county; the higher richness and concentrated distribution of medicinal plant resources is in Wulate front banner, Wulate middle banner, Wulate back banner; areas with relatively low abundance and concentrated distribution of medicinal plant resources located in Qingshan district of Baotou city, Saihan district and Yuquan district of Hohhot city; areas with the lowest abundance and concentrated distribution of medicinal plant resources are located in Xincheng district and Huimin district of Hohhot city. It can be concluded that the horizontal distribution difference of multiple ecological factors, the special wetland environment of the river, the vertical difference of elevation, the farmland and other factors have an important influence on the richness of the medicinal plant resources species.
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China , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Objective::To establish the evaluation method of Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) resources by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey correlation degree (GCD) method, so as to explore the differences in quality components, production efficiency and appearance traits of different germplasm resources cultivated in the same environment. Method::The quality component index, efficiency index, and appearance traits index of 15 germplasm resources were measured, including moisture, total ash, extractives, total acid content, harvest index, yield, drying rate, commodity rate, decay rate and deformability of tubers. Based on AHP and grey correlation method, each indicator data was processed in a comprehensive way, its comprehensive correlation value was calculated, and different PR germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated. Result::Based on three factors-quality composition, production efficiency and appearance traits, the comprehensive correlation value of A6 was the highest, reaching 0.749 4, which was followed by A14, A15, A7, and their comprehensive correlation values were 0.736 6, 0.726 2, 0.718 2, respectively. Therefore, the source of A6 could be used as an excellent provenance introduced to the cultivation of PR, and the provenance of A14, A15, and A7 could be used as a useful supplement. Conclusion::The method of AHP and GCD-based multi-index comprehensive evaluation is simple and comprehensive to evaluate the diversity of different PR germplasm resources, and could provide a reference for the development and utilization of resources and the screening of high-quality provenances.
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@#【Objective】 To investigate whether the dedifferented human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells（hMSC）modified by IDO gene can get improved ability to survive oxidative stress as well as to induce regulatory T（Treg） lymphocytes.【Methods】The dedifferentiated hMSC（De- hMSC）were obtained by a transient adipogenic induction and subsequent recovery culture in normal medium. The IDO gene modified De-hMSC （IDO/De-hMSC）were prepared by retroviral infection using recombinant retrovirus harboring IDO gene. The De- hMSC infected by retrovirus containing ZsGreen1 gene，the non- infected De- hMSC and hMSC were set as controls. Exogenous expression of IDO protein was confirmed by Western blot. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect the immunophenotype of IDO/De- hMSC ， and their osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation abilities were also assessed. Cell survival rates under the oxidative stress of 300 μmol/L t- BHP were determined by Annexin V- FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） were isolated and treated with conditioned medium containing the culture supernatant of hMSC，De-hMSC，Mock/De-hMSC and IDO/De-hMSC，respectively. Changes in the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ CD127low Treg cells in PBMC were determined by triple fluorescent labeling flow cytometry.【Results】The De-hMSC modified by IDO gene still have the immunophenotype as well as the osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation abilities that are typical of mesenchymal stem cells. When challenged by 300 μmol/L t-BHP，the number of viable cells in De-hMSC significantly elevated compared with hMSC（P<0.05），and the survival advantage of De-hMSC was not obviously affected by IDO gene modification（P>0.05）. Conditioned medium containing the supernatant from IDO/De- hMSC dramatically up- regulated the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127low Treg cells in PBMC in contrast to the control groups（P<0.05）.【Conclusions】IDO/ De- hMSC have the same immunophenotype and differentiation capacity as the native hMSC ，and can simultaneously enhance the ability of hMSC to survive against oxidative stress and to induce Treg cells ，which may be a potential modification strategy of mesenchymal stem cells for immunosuppressive therapy.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effects on primary dysmenorrhea treated with moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) and warm needling at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6).@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each one. In the control group, the warm needling technique was used at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). In the observation group, besides the same treatment as the control group, moxibustion was added at Shenque (CV 8). The treatment was given for 4 menstrual cycles consecutively. Before and after treatment, the score of the severity and the score of the total frequency in the retrospective scale of dysmenorrhea symptoms as well as the score of the visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded and compared in the patients between the two groups. Additionally, the safety of the two therapeutic methods was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the score of severity and the score of total frequency as well as VAS score of menstrual pain were all reduced as compared with those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combined treatment of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) with the warm needling technique at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) achieves the better clinical effects on primary dysmenorrhea as compared with the simple application of the warm needling technique at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). This therapy is safety in clinical practice.
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Female , Humans , Acupuncture Points , Dysmenorrhea , Therapeutics , Moxibustion , Oligopeptides , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the influence of the number and position of anchor nails on the Bankart repair by the finite element analysis.@*METHODS@#The 3D CT data of shoulder joints including normal adult volunteers were imported into Mimics 10.0 and Geomagic 2012 software to reconstruct the related tissues, and then meshed in Hypermesh 13.0 software to give material attributes. The position and number of MPC constraints were adjusted in Abaqus 6.14 to establish finite element model of shoulder joint under 6 working conditions including A model(normal control model), B model (Bankart damage control model), C model (1 anchor), D model (2 anchors), E model (3 anchors), F model (4 anchors). The humerus external rotation and forward load were added to simulate the fear test of the shoulder joint forward instability.@*RESULTS@#(1)Normally, the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex accompanied by the external rotation of the humerus head has a wrinkle and a significant stress concentration around its anterior and posterior bundle terminations.(2)The stress of the anterior bundle and posterior bundle of the inferior glenohumeral ligament were increased by 52.33% and 45.67% respectively after Bankart's injury.(3)In each model of anchor repair, the stress concentration was obvious at the anchor site, and the stress of anterior and posterior bundle ligaments could be reduced; there were no obvious differences between C, D models and B model(>0.05), and there were significant differences between E, F models and B model(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#One or two anchors can reduce the stress of the anterior and posterior bundles of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the repair of Bankart's injury, but when the angle of rotation is large, the stress concentration in the anchor position increases significantly, leading to the increases of the risk of failure. The application of three or four anchors can enhance the constraints on the inferior glenohumeral ligament and reduce the stress of the anchor itself through the "load sharing" effect between anchors, so as to ensure the stability of the shoulder joint and provide a mechanical environment for the early rehabilitation of patients.
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Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Cadaver , Finite Element Analysis , Joint Instability , Shoulder Dislocation , Shoulder JointABSTRACT
<p><b>Background</b>Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in host defense against pathogen infection. DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (SIGN) is a group II C-type lectin receptor and specifically expressed on the surface of DCs. This study aimed to determine whether DC-SIGN affects intracellular signaling activation, Th1/Th2 imbalance and aspergillus immune evasion in aspergillus infection, and explore the application of DC-SIGN-modified DCs in immunotherapy.</p><p><b>Methods</b>DCs were first obtained from the mononuclear cells of peripheral blood. The interferon (IFN)-γ and dexamethasone (Dex) were used to stimulate DCs. The expression of DC-SIGN, Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and the capacity of DCs in stimulating T cells proliferation and phagocytosis, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were analyzed. In addition, adenovirus expression vector Ad-DC-SIGN was generated to transfect DCs. Mannan was used to block DC-SIGN signaling for confirming the involvement of DC-SIGN function in Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-induced DCs maturation. The unpaired, two-tailed Student's t-test was used in the comparisons between two groups.</p><p><b>Results</b>Exogenous IFN-γ could activate Af-induced DCs and promote the Th0 cells toward Th1 profile (interleukin [IL]-12 in IFN-γ/Af group: 50.96 ± 4.38 pg/ml; control/Af group: 29.70 ± 2.00 pg/ml, t = 10.815, P < 0.001). On the other hand, Dex inhibited the secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-10 in Dex/Af group: 5.27 ± 0.85 pg/ml; control/Af group: 15.14 ± 1.40 pg/ml, t = 14.761, P < 0.001)), and successfully caused immunosuppression. After transfection with Ad-DC-SIGN, DCs have improved phagocytosis (phagocytosis rates in Ad-DC-SIGN group: 74.0% ± 3.4%; control group: 64.7% ± 6.8%, t = 3.104, P = 0.013). There was more Th1 cytokine secreted in the Af-induced DC-SIGN modified DCs (IL-12 in Ad-DC-SIGN/Af group: 471.98 ± 166.31 pg/ml; control/Af group: 33.35 ± 5.98 pg/ml, t = 6.456, P = 0.001), correlated to the enhanced NF-κB activation.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>Overexpressing DC-SIGN in DCs had a protective function on aspergillosis.</p>
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Different from Western medicine theory, Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge is tacit knowledge, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge system also is a complete system independent from the Western medicine system. But the protection for Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge nowadays still mainly stems from the Western intellectual property system. The current intellectual property system is in a dilemma in the protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine due to its limitations, and it urgently needs to build a special knowledge protection system that is specially applicable to traditional knowledge;while using genetic resources protection system and benefit sharing system of traditional knowledge from Convention on Biological Diversity to protect Traditional Chinese Medicine has its advanced nature and rationality. In the premise of clarifying the definition of "intellectual property right of Traditional Chinese Medicine", this paper proposed 5 countermeasures and suggestions, including establishing the legal content of Traditional Chinese Medicine intellectual property, promoting the legislative coordination of existing intellectual property law and the Law of the People' s Republic of China on TCM, strengthening the institutional coordination of the Law of the People' s Republic of China on TCM, the Law of Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Law of the People' s Republic of China on Drug Administration, promoting the institutional innovation at the local legislation level, and building a benefit sharing mechanism for the holders of Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge.
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Objective To study the autophagy of human glioblastoma SF295 cells induced by sponge-derived triterpenoid Stellittin B (Stel B) and to discuss the related mechanism. Methods The proliferation inhibitory activity of Stel B on SF295 cells was studied by WST-8 assay. The autophagy effect induced by Stel B on SF295 cells was evaluated bya variety of experimental techniques, including MDC staining, Western Blot assay, and mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid transfection method.The activity of Stel B on the representative signal proteins in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in SF295 cells was examined by Western Blot. The anti-tumor activity of Stel B was detected by WST-8 assay after blocking autophagy by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Results Stel B could significantly inhibit the proliferation of SF295 cells with IC50 value as 0.026 μmol/L. Plenty of autophagosome was found in Stel B treated A549 cells by MDC staining. The expression of autophagy marker proteins including LC3B-II increased. The confocal microscopy results showed that Stel B promoted autophagosome forming and inhibitedthe fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. The Western Blot results showed that Stel B inhibited the expression of PI3K-p110 protein in SF295 cells and decreased the phosphorylation level of Akt and mTOR.The inhibitory effects of Stel B with different concentrations on SF295 cells were all enhanced by the inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Stel B can induce SF295 cells autophagy via blocking PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. This autophagy effect is beneficial to the survival of SF295 cells. The antitumor activity of Stel B can be enhanced by a combination of autophagy inhibitors.
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Objective To investigate the impact of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP 1) gene polymorphisms and gene-smoking interactions on the risk of large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke.Methods Two hundred and sixty-four patients diagnosed with LAA stroke and 228 healthy controls were enrolled from the Department of Neurology,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from August 2016 to June 2017.The methods of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,combined with DNA sequencing,were used to detect the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs:rs7832767,rs1127379,rs3242) in the SFRP 1 gene.Logistic regression was applied to analyze associations between SNPs and LAA stroke.Cross analysis of additive model was used to evaluate gene-smoking interactions.Results The genotype TT/CT and allele T of rs7832767 in case group were in higher frequency than that in controls (54.9％ (145/264) vs 37.7％ (86/228),OR =2.123,95％ CI 1.482-3.041,P ＜0.01;33.9％ (179/528) vs 20.0％ (91/456),OR=2.057,95％ CI 1.536-2.755,P＜ 0.01).However,the frequencies of genotypes and alleles in other SNPs (rs1127379,rs3242) showed no significant differences between cases and controls.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that TT/CT genotype was a risk factor for LAA stroke (OR =1.649,95％ CI 1.066-2.550.P =0.025).Moreover.SFRP 1 gene was not related to the distribution of cerebralvascular stenosis in LAA stroke patients.Additive model analysis showed significant interactions between rs7832767 and smoking (relative excess risk of interaction =2.442,95％ CI 0.281-4.603).Smokers with T allele of rs7832767 showed significantly increased risk of LAA stroke (OR =3.252,95％ CI 1.629-6.491,P =0.001).Whereas,no significant interaction was detected between rs3242 or rs1127379 and smoking.Conclusion The T allele of rs7832767 within SFRP 1 gene may be a risk factor of LAA stroke,and the interactions between rs7832767 and smoking can significantly increase the risk of LAA stroke.
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BACKGROUND: Our previous studies demonstrated that cardiac stem cells (CSCs) transplantation could improve cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the overall survival and cardiac differentiation of CSCs were low. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hypoxia preconditioning on CSCs proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation and the role of hypoxia induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1α)/apelin/putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor AT1 (APJ) pathway in the procedure. METHODS: Cells cultured in vitro experienced exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 hours. Cardiogenic differentiation was induced by using 5-azacytidine for another 24 hours. Then, cells were cultured in normal condition for 2 weeks. Normoxia (20% O2) was used as a negative control during the whole process. Cell proliferation was detected using MTS method and expressions of HIF-1α, apelin, cTnT and APJ were detected using western blot assay after 24 hours of preconditioning and 2 weeks after the induction of differentiation; the percentage of cTnT-positive cardiomyocyte-like cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normoxia group, the hypoxia group presented a higher proliferation rate and a higher absorbance value at 490 nm (P < 0.01); the protein expressions of HIF-1α, apelin and APJ were all enhanced after hypoxia exposure for 24 hours and 2 weeks after the induction of differentiation (P < 0.01); the percentage of cTnT-positive cells was greatly increased in the hypoxia group (P < 0.01), and the expression of cTnT was also significantly intensified (P < 0.01). To conclude, hypoxia preconditioning could promote the proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation of CSCs, and the activation of HIF-1α/Apelin/APJ pathway might be involved in this process.
ABSTRACT
Clonorchis sinensis infection is carcinogenic to human,which results in cholangiocarcinoma,confirmed by the World Health Organization. An investigation in 2005 indicated that the standardized C. sinensis infection rate was 0.58%,with 12490000 infected people estimated in the clonorchiasis endemic areas in China. In the world,80%of C. sinensis infected peo-ple were distributed in China. Diagnostic Criteria for Clonorchiasis(WS309-2009)was compiled by the ex-Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and it was issued and implemented in March 13,2009. The Diagnostic Criteria for Clonorchiasis is composed of six chapters,including the Range of Application,Terms and Definitions,Diagnostic Basis,Diagnostic Princi-ple,Diagnostic Standard,and Differential Diagnosis. Three informative appendices(etiology,epidemiology,clinical manifesta-tion;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;differential diagnosis)and one normative appendix(laboratory examination)are ap-pended. The Criteria provides the technical reference for diagnosis of clonorchiasis in medical institutions and disease control in-stitutions. Combined with the current epidemic situation of clonorchiasis in China,this paper interprets the main contents of the Diagnostic Criteria for Clonorchiasis(WS309-2009),so as to promote its learning and implementing.